只有部分，为文文整理，今天我把它共享出来，谢谢我们广外自考群的文义同学只有部分，为文文整理，今天我把它共享出来，谢谢我们广外自考群的文义同学以下段落最好熟记下册1Actually , I enjoy my work when the assignments are large and urgent and somewhat frightening and will come to the attention of many people . 实际上，当任务又大又紧而且有些令人生畏还会引起很多人的注意时，我就非常喜欢我的工作。 I get scared , and am unable to sleep at night , but I usually perform at my best under this stimulating (刺激)kind of pressure and enjoy my job the most . 我变得惴惴不安，而且夜不能寐。但在这种极有刺激的压力下，我的表现最佳，也最喜欢我的工作。 I handle all of these important projects myself , and I rejoice with tremendous pride and vanity in the compliments I receive when I do them well . 我独自处理所有这些重大的项目，并且当我成功地完成时，我会因受到赞扬而沉浸在极大的自豪与虚荣之中。 But between such peaks of challenge and elation興奮 there is monotony and despair . 但在这些挑战与兴奋的巅峰之间是单调与绝望。 ( And I find , too, that once I ‘ve succeeded in impressing somebody , I ‘m not much excited about impressing that same person again ; （而且我也发现一旦我给某人留下了深刻的印象，我就不再为给同一个人留下深刻印象而感到兴奋不已 there is a large , emotional letdown after I survive each crisis , a kind of empty , tragic disappointment , and last year’s threat , opportunity , and inspiration are often this year’s inescapable tedium . 在度过每次危机后，都会有一次大的情感失落，一种空虚和令人悲哀的失望。去年的威胁、机遇和鼓励经常会成为今年不可避免的冗长乏味。 I frequently feel I ‘m being taken advantage of 被利用merely because I ‘m asked to do the work I ‘m paid to do . ) 我常常觉得我被利用了，这只是因为我被要求做给我报酬的工作。） On days when I ‘m especially melancholy悲傷 , I began constructing tables of organization….classifying people in the company on the basis of envy , hope , fear , ambition , frustration煩惱, rivalry競爭 , hatred憎恨 , or disappointment 失望. 在我极度悲伤的日子里，我便开始将公司的人员结构列入图表……根据嫉妒、希望、恐惧、雄心、烦恼、对手、痛恨或失望，将公司的人员分类。 I call these charts my Happiness Charts . 我把这些表格叫做我的“快乐图”。 These exercises in malice never fail to boost my spirits ----but only for a while . 这些恶作剧总是使我精神振奋，然而都非常短暂。 I rank pretty high when the company is analyzed this way , because I ‘m not envious or disappointed , and I have no expectations . 这样分析公司时，我的排名非常靠前，因为我既不嫉妒也不灰心，而且我胸无大志。 At the very top , of course , are those people , mostly young and without dependents , 排在前几名的当然是这些人，他们中大部分是年轻又没有靠山的人。 to whom the company is not yet an institution of any sacred merit神聖價質的機構 but still only a place to work , and who regard their present association with it as something temporary . 对他们自己来说，公司还不是一个有重要价值的机构，而只是一个工作的地方，并且认为他们目前的状况只是短暂的。 I put these people at the top because if you asked any one of them if he would choose to spend the rest of his life working for the company , he would give you a resounding No ! , 我之所以把这些人排在首位，是因为只要问他们中的任何一个人他们后半生是否为公司工作，不管有什么样的诱惑，他都会响亮地回答“不！” regardless of what inducements were offered . I was that high once . if you asked me that same question today, I would also give you a resounding No ! and add: 我也曾是这样。如果你今天问我同样的问题，我也给你一个响亮的回答：“不！”并且还要补充上： 2She stood up in a sudden impulse of terror . Escape ! She must escape ! Frank would save her . He would give her life , perhaps love , too . 在突然的恐怖感引起的冲动下，她站了起来。逃跑!她一定要逃跑！弗兰克会拯救她。他会给她生活，也许还有爱。 But she wanted to live . Why should she be unhappy ? She had a right to happiness . Frank would take her in his arms , fold her in his arms . He would save her . 但是她想活下去。为什么她就该不开心呢，她有快乐的权利，弗兰克会把她拥在臂弯里，紧紧地拥抱她。他会拯救她。 * * * She stood among the swaying crowd in the station at the North Wall . 她站在北墙站拥挤摆动的人群中。 He held her hand and she knew that he was speaking to her , saying something about the passage over and over again . 他握着她的手，她知道他在同她说话，一遍遍地说着有关航行的事。 The station was full of soldiers with brown baggages . 车站里满是带着棕色行李的士兵。 Through the wide doors of the sheds she caught a glimpse of the black mass of the boat , lying in beside the quay碼頭 wall , with illumined portholes .(舷窗) 从棚子的大宽门望去，她瞥了一眼黑色的巨大的船体，停在码头旁边，舷窗上亮着灯光。 She answered nothing . She felt her cheek pale and cold and , 她什么也没有回答。她感到自己的脸颊苍白冰冷。 out of a maze of distress , she prayed to God to direct her , to show her what was her duty . 在一片茫然的苦脑中，她请求上帝指引她，告诉她她该怎么做。 The boat blew a long mournful悲whistle into the mist 薄霧中. 船在薄雾中发出长长的哀伤的汽笛声。 If she went , tomorrow she would be on the sea with Frank , steaming towards Buenos Ayres . 如果她走了，明天她就会同弗兰克一起在海上，向布宜诺斯艾利斯驶去。 Their passage had been booked . Could she still draw back after all he had done for her ? 他们的旅行已经预定好了。在他为她做了这么多以后，她还能退缩吗？ Her distress awoke a nausea 反胃in her body and she kept moving her lips in silent fervent 狂熱prayer . 她的苦恼在她的身上引起想吐的感觉，她不停地动着嘴唇默默地、狂热地祈祷着。 3Fortunately for the American public , television does not tolerate the kind of distortion of fact , the kind of partisan virulence(惡毒攻擊) and personal peeve（怨恨） ,many newspapers not only welcome but encourage . 幸运的是对美国公众来说，电视不允许那种对事实的歪曲，那种党派间的恶毒攻击和个人怨恨的发泄，而这是许多报纸不仅欢迎而且鼓励的。 In its entertainment , television caters投合 far too much to the lowest instincts本能 of man , particularly the lust(渴望) violence . 在娱乐节目中，电视过于迎合人们最低级的本能，特别是对暴力的欲望。 But there is one appetite(欲望) it does not feed and which the partisan newspapers of the nation do : the appetite for hate (仇恨) of whatever is different . 但是有一个欲望是电视无法满足而美国极具党派性的报纸却可以满足的，那就是仇恨——对一切不一样的事物的仇恨。 I do not find on televison the kind of editorials chronic(社論)the New York tabloids as well as in many local papers across the country .在电视上我从未看到过纽约的小报以及全国许多地方报纸上常年出现的那种社论。 4What can we possibly conclude from these discrepant差異性 points of view ? 从这些互相矛盾的看法中我们能够得出什么样的结论呢？ Our popular attitudes could be summed up as a combination of wishful thinking and stark terror . 可以把流行在我们之中的态度归纳为痴心妄想和赤裸裸的恐惧的结合。 We base our feelings on primitive fears , prejudice(偏見) and stereotypes(墨守成規) rather than on knowledge and insight . 我们将感情建筑在原始的恐惧、偏见和墨守成规上而不是建筑在知识和远见之上。 In reality , the way one experiences old age is contingent upon (與什麼有關)physical health , personality 性格, earlier-life experiences早年經歷 , the actual circumstances of late –life events 晚年生活具體情形( in what order they occur , how they occur , when they occur ) and the social supports one receives : 事实上，一个人老年经历如何是因下列因素而异的：身体健康状况、性格、早年经历、晚年事件的具体情形（这些事件发生之先后顺序、情形及具体时间）及他得到的社会支持； adequate finances , shelter(住處), medical care , social roles , religious support , recreation文化如樂 .是否有足够的金钱，住处，医疗，社会任务，宗教支持，文化娱乐。 All of these are crucial 至關重要的and interconnected elements which together determine the quality of late life . 这一切至关重要而又相互关联的因素共同决定个人晚年生活的质量。 567The run must have tuned Bonnie up . 跑了这一会一定是让邦尼兴奋起来了。 When they got back home , as soon as he lowered her into the crib , she began to shout and wave her arms . 当他们回到家里，他刚把她放进小床里她就大声地喊，还挥动双臂。 He didn’t want to play with her . He tossed some blocks and rattle into the crib and walked into the bathroom , where he turned on the hot water and began to comb his hair . 他不想跟她玩。他把几块积木和一个拨浪鼓扔到小床上，进了浴室，他打开热水，开始梳头 He ran the comb straight back on both sides of his head , then mussed the hair in front enough for one little lock to droop over his forehead . 向后梳，然后把前面的头发稍稍弄乱，让一小缕头发垂在前额上。 It made the temple seem lower than it was . Every day , his hair-line looked higher . He had observed all around him how blond men went bald first . 他用梳子将两侧的头发这使额头显得低了一点。他的发际线每天都在升高。他注意到周围金发的男人总是先秃顶。 He remembered reading somewhere , though , that baldness shows virility .。 不过他记得在什么地方读过说秃顶代表阳刚气概。 8Economics entered . It is possible to turn out in quantity a bland(無味的) , impersonal（沒有特色的） , practically imperishable substance more or less resembling （幾乎是永遠不會腐亂的）, say cheese ---at lower cost than cheese . 经济学起作用了。用低于生产奶酪的成本生产出大量淡而无味的，没有特色 的，几乎是永远不会腐烂的，或多或少像奶酪的物质，这是可能的。 Chain groceries shut out the independent stores and “ standardization “ became a principal means of cutting cost . 连锁食品杂货店挤垮了独立经营的商店，“标准化”变成了降低成本的主要手段。 9In another sense , however , my feelings toward the rioting were predictable (預料之中的). 然而，在另一方面，我对暴乱的感受是在意料之中的。 I had always been bothered by the passivity of the ghetto . 黑人区的消极顺从向 来使我不安。 The majority of black men in the North had remained outside the struggle. Nothing was happening in the ghettos . No one was making it happen . 北方大多数黑人一直不参与斗争，黑人区里一切平平静静，没有人 打破这种平静。 Ghetto rioting then was the first representation(行動) I perceived of movement and activity among the mass of Negroes in the North . 黑人区的暴乱是我看到的北方黑人群众中行动和能动性的首次表 现， It marked a break with the passive tradition of dependency and indifference(冷漠). 标志着依赖和冷漠这一消极传统终结。 The ghetto was at least no longer content with its status as bastard child of urban America . 黑人区至少已经不再满足于自己作为 美国城市私生子的身份。 The currents set in motion had a hopeful , irreversible quality about them . 这些涌动起来的急流有着充满希望、不可逆转的特点。 The ghetto wanted legitimation . That was a beginning . 黑人区需要取得合法的地位，这只是一个开始。 10The third value discipline we have named customer intimacy(親密的). 第三种价值类型我们称之为亲密顾客型。 Its adherents (信念)focus on delivering not what the market wants but what specific customers want . 这类公司着重提供的不是市场的需求，而是特定顾客群体需求。 Customer-intimate companies do not pursue one-time transactions(交易) ; they cultivate relationships . 与顾客关系密切的公司追求的不是一次性的交易， 他们培养与顾客之间的关系。 They specialize in satisfying unique needs , which often only they recognize , through a close relationship with ---and intimate knowledge of ----the customer . 他们满足顾客的特殊需求，而这些需求，只有靠他们和顾客建立密切关系，深入了解才能获知。 Their proposition (宗旨)to the customer: We have the best solution for you , and we provide all the support you need to achieve optimum(最適宜的) results , or value , or both , from whatever products you buy . 他们为顾客服务的宗旨是：我们为你提供最佳解决办法，提供你所需的一切支持以达到你所购买的任何产品的最佳效果或价值，或两者兼顾。 Long distance telephone carrier Cable& Wireless , , for example , practices customer intimacy with a vengeance(極度) , achieving success in a highly competitive market by consistently going the extra mile (額外的服務)for its selectively chosen , small-business customers . 比如，长途电话公司Cable & Wireless彻底实行密切联系顾客的策略，通过始终如一地设法为它所选定的生意规模小的客户提供额外 服务，从而在激烈竞争的市场中获得成功。 11But great as is the influence of the motives we have been considering , there is one which outweighs them all... 虽然我们上面讨论的动机都有极大的影响，但还有一种动机却胜过它们…… Power, like vanity, is insatiable. 同虚荣心一样，权力欲也是永远无法满足的， Nothing short of omnipotence could satisfy it completely. 除非是无限权力，否则什么也不能使它完全满足。 And as it is especially the vice of energetic men, the casual efficacy of love of power is out of all proportion to its frequency. 但事实上，特别是精力旺盛的人的恶习，权欲的偶尔实现与权欲的频繁滋生两者完全不成比例。 It is, indeed, by far the strongest motive in the lives of important men. 这的确是大人物生活中最强烈的动机。 Love of power is greatly increased by the experience of power, and this applies to petty power as well as to that of potentates. 行使权力后更增加了对权力的爱，无论是芝麻小权还是国君大权，统统如此。 In the happy days before 1914,when well-to-do ladies could acquire a host of servants, their pleasure in exercising power over the domestics steadily increased with age. 在1914年以前的幸福日子里。家境富裕的太太们可以雇上一群仆人，她们从对仆人行使的权 力中得到的乐趣随着她们的年龄一起增长。 Similarly, in any autocratic(獨裁)regime, the holders of power become increasingly tyrannical (殘暴)with experience of the delights that power can afford. 同样，在任何专制政权中，掌权者由于权力赋予他的快乐而变得越来越专横。 Since power over human beings is shown in making them do what they would rather not do, 既然对人行使的权力体现在迫使他们做不情愿做的事情， the man who is actuated by love of power is more apt to inflict pain than to permit pleasure . 被权欲驱使的人就更倾向于制造痛苦而不是允许人们得到快乐。 If you ask your boss for leave of absence from the office on some legitimate(合理的理由)occasion , his love of power will derive more satisfaction from refusal than from consent. 如果你有合理的理由向老板请假，拒绝你比答应你更能满足他的权力欲。 If you require a building permit, the petty official concerned will obviously get more pleasure from saying "No" than from saying "Yes". 如果你申请建筑许可证，说“不”比说“行”显然使管事的小官员感到愉悦。 It is this sort of thing which makes the love of power such a dangerous motive . 这使得对权利的喜爱成为一个危险的动机。 But it has other sides which are more desirable . 但它也有其他较为可取的方面。 The pursuit of knowledge is, I think, mainly actuated by love of power. And so are all advances in scientific technique. 我认为，对知识的追求主要是受权欲的驱使，于是就有了科学技术的进步。 In politics, also, a reformer may have just as strong a love of power as a despot . 在政治上也是如此，改革者可能与暴君有着同样强烈的权欲， It would be a complete mistake to decry(否定) love of power altogether as a motive. 对权欲作为一个动机全盘否定是完全错误的。 Whether you will be led by this motive to actions which are useful, or to actions which are pernicious(有害的), depends upon the social system, and upon your capacities. 这种动机引导你做出有益的行动还是有害的行动，取决于社会制度，以及你个人的能力。 12The three were eating breakfast on the terrace, a thousand and one felicitous birds in the garden trees. 三个人正在阳台上吃早餐，花园里的树上有千百只欢唱的鸟儿。 In unsullied damp brown circles of soft earth the roses bloomed serenely against the pink Mexican wall. 在未受污染的圆形花坛潮湿柔软的褐土上，映衬着粉色的墨西哥墙，玫瑰花安详地开放。 Marian's brother-in-law read the English page, as dedicated(專注) as a nice little boy reading the funnies, 玛丽安的妹夫在读报纸的英文专页，就像听话的小男孩在看滑稽连环画时那么专注， and Theresa, Marian's sister, chatted softly and merrily (愉快地)about their next week-end holiday. 玛丽安的妹妹特丽萨正在低声愉快地谈论下周末的假期。 Theresa's bright smile had always been her mark and now, childless and with a husband beyond war age, and a life both ordered and gay(快樂的), it looked as if that smile had justified itself. 特丽萨脸上欢快的笑容一直就是她的特征，现在她没有孩子，丈夫又已过了入伍的年龄，生活井井有条而且快乐，因此她的笑容看起来是有充分道理的。 13All men are snobs about something. One is almost tempted to add : There is nothing about which men cannot feel snobbish. 人人都有势利之处。人们几乎很想加一句：任何东西都可引起人们的势利感。 But this would doubtless be an exaggeration(夸張). 不过这一点无疑会是一种夸张。 There are certain disfiguring(毀容) and mortal(致命) diseases about which there has probably never been any snobbery. 也许对某些毁容或致命的疾病从来没有使人感到势利， I cannot imagine, for exameple, that there are any leprosy-snobs. 例如我无法想像会有麻风病势利者。 More picturesque diseases, even when they are dangerous, and less dangerous diseases, particularly when they are the diseases of the rich, can be and very frequently are a source of snobbish self-importance. 一些纵使有危险但较为别致的疾病，以及不太危险的病，特别是富人爱得的病，能够并常常是使人感到势利、自以为了不起的根源。 I have met several adolescent consumption-snobs , who thought that it would be romantic to fade away in the flower of youth , like Keats or Marie Bashkirtseff. Alas, 我遇见过好几位因患肺结核而有势利感的年轻人，他们觉得很像济慈或玛丽•巴什基尔采夫那样在青春妙龄时死去是很浪漫的一件事。 the final stages of the consumptive fading are generally a good deal less romantic than these ingenuous young tubercle-snobs seem to imagine . 哎呀，结核病晚期通常远远不像这些天真的年轻结核势利者想像得那么浪漫。 To anyone who has actually witnessed these final stages, the complacent poeticizings of these adolescents must seem as exasperating (惱怒)as they are profoundly pathetic（可憐）. In the case of those commoner disease-snobs, whose claim to distinction is that they suffer from one of the maladies of the rich, exasperation(惱怒) is not tempered by very much sympathy. 对任何一个亲眼目睹过晚期状态的人，这些少年的自我满足的浪漫诗情必定会显得既令人恼怒又深觉可怜。至于那些较常见疾病的势利者，由于得的是有钱人易得的病而自称与众不同，对他便没有多少同情来减少恼怒了。 People who possess sufficient leisure, sufficient wealth, not to mention sufficient health, to go travelling from spa to spa. from doctor to fashionable doctor, in search of cures from problematical diseases (which, in so far as they exist at all. probably have their source in overeating) cannot expect us to be .very lavish (慷慨的)in our solicitude and pity. 拥有充足的闲暇，充足的财富，更别说充足的健康的人们从一个矿泉疗养地旅行到又一个矿泉疗养地，从一个医生那里到又一个时髦的医生处去寻求对那些很难说是否存在的疾病的治疗（如果真有什么病的话，可能病因是吃得太多了），他们不可能指望我们会对他们慷慨地表示关怀和同情。 14He sat by the canal fishing on a Sunday morning in spring, at an elbow(赤楊樹) where alders dipped over the water like old men on their last legs, pushed by young sturdy oaks from behind. 在春天一个星期日的上午，他坐在运河边钓鱼，在他附近，赤杨树被后面生 长着年轻茁壮的橡树向前推挤垂人水中，像垂死的老人一样。 He straightened his back, his fingers freeing nylon line from a speedily revolving reel. 他直起腰身，用手指快速地从绕线轮上放出尼龙线。 Around him lay knapsack and jacket, an empty catch-net, his bicycle, and two tins of worms dug from the plot of garden at home before setting out. 他周围放着背包、夹克、一个空捕鱼网、他的自行车和出发前在家里花园里挖出的两听虫子。 Sun was breaking through clouds, releasing a smell of earth to heaven. 太阳钻出了云层，向空气中散发出泥土的气息。 Birds sang. A soundless and minuscular explosion of water caught his eye. 鸟儿在欢唱。他看到水面忽然间冒出一个无声的小小的水花， He moved nearer the edge, stood up, and with a vigorous sweep of his arm, cast out the line. 他走到水边，站起身，用力挥动手臂，将钓鱼线抛了出去。 15During my year's stay in New Jersey I let my appetite flower into full Americanism except for one thing. I did not possess an automobile. 在新泽西州的一年中，我任凭自己的欲望充分发展成了美国式的，除了一个例外：我没有汽车。 This self-elected deprivation(剝奪) was a way into the nastier(骯臟) side of the consumer society. Where private ownership prevails, public amenities (公共益事)decay or are prevented from coming into being. 我自己剥夺了自己享用私人汽车的权利，是了解消费社会肮脏侧面的一个途径。在私有制占优势的地方，公共益事不是衰败就是受到阻挠无法存在。 The rundown rail services of America are something I try, vainly(徒勞的), to forget. 美国铁路交通破落是一件我想忘也忘不了的事。 The nightmare of filth(骯臟), outside and in, that enfolds the trip from Springfield, Mass., to Grand Central Station would not be accepted in backward Europe. 从马萨诸塞州的斯普林菲尔德到纽约中央车站的旅程，一路上车里车外肮脏得像噩梦般可怕。这种情况在落后的欧洲也是无法接受的。 But far worse is the nightmare of travel in and around Los Angeles, where public transport does not exist and people are literally choking to death in their exhaust fumes . 但比这更糟得多的是在洛杉机市内或周围噩梦般的旅行，那儿根本没有公共交通工具，毫不夸张地说，人们正被自己汽车排出的废气呛死。 This is part of the price of individual ownership. 这是私有制要付出的部分代价。 [此贴子已经被作者于2007-10-27 11:01:10编辑过]
注册 06-11-07
