思科网络词典—A（续1）
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2008-2-1 12:16:27
allowed cell rate. Parameter defined by the ATM Forum for ATM traffic management.
ACR varies between the MCR and the PCR, and is dynamically controlled using congestion control mechanisms. See also MCR and PCR.
ACSE
association control service element. OSI convention used to establish, maintain, or terminate a connection between two applications.
active hub
Multiported device that amplifies LAN transmission signals.
active monitor
Device responsible for managing a Token Ring. A network node is selected to be the active monitor if it has the highest MAC address on the ring. The active monitor is responsible for such management tasks as ensuring that tokens are not lost, or that frames do not circulate indefinitely. See also ring monitor and standby monitor.
ActiveX
Microsoft’sWindows-specific non-Java technique for writing applets. ActiveX applets take considerably longer to download than the equivalent Java applets; however, they more fully exploit the features of Windows 95. ActiveX is sometimes said to be a superset of Java. See also applet, Java.
AD
administrative domain. Group of hosts, routers, and networks operated and managed by a single organization.
adapter
See NIC.
adaptive differential pulse code modulation
See ADPCM.
adaptive routing
See dynamic routing.
ADCCP
Advanced Data Communications Control Protocol. ANSI standard bit-oriented data link control protocol.
address
Data structure or logical convention used to identify a unique entity, such as a particular process or network device.
addressed call mode
Mode that permits control signals and commands to establish and terminate calls in V.25bis. See also V.25bis.
address mapping
Technique that allows different protocols to interoperate by translating addresses from one format to another. For example, when routing IP over X.25, the IP addresses must be mapped to the X.25 addresses so that the IP packets can be transmitted by the X.25
network. See also address resolution.
address mask
Bit combination used to describe which portion of an address refers to the network or subnet and which part refers to the host. Sometimes referred to simply as mask. See also subnet mask.
address resolution
Generally, a method for resolving differences between computer addressing schemes.
Address resolution usually specifies a method for mapping network layer (Layer 3) addresses to data link layer (Layer 2) addresses. See also address mapping.
Address Resolution Protocol
See ARP.
address translation gateway
See ATG (address translation gateway) in the “Cisco Systems Terms and Acronyms”section.
adjacency
Relationship formed between selected neighboring routers and end nodes for the purpose of exchanging routing information. Adjacency is based upon the use of a common media segment.
adjacent nodes
1. In SNA, nodes that are connected to a given node with no intervening nodes.
2. In DECnet and OSI, nodes that share a common network segment (in Ethernet, FDDI, or Token Ring networks).
ADM
Add Drop Multiplexer. In OSS, a multiplexer that allows a signal to be added into or dropped out of a SONET span. See also SONET.
ADMD
Administration Management Domain. X.400 Message Handling System public carrier.
The ADMDs in all countries worldwide together provide the X.400 backbone. See also PRMD.
administrative distance
Rating of the trustworthiness of a routing information source.
Administrative distance is often expressed as a numerical value between 0 and 255. The higher the value, the lower the trustworthiness rating.
Administrative Domain
See AD.
administrative weight
See AW and PTSP.
admission control
See traffic policing.
ADPCM
adaptive differential pulse code modulation. Process by which analog voice samples are encoded into high-quality digital signals.
ADSL
asymmetric digital subscriber line. One of four DSL technologies. ADSL is designed to deliver more bandwidth downstream (from the central office to the customer site) than upstream. Downstream rates range from 1.5 to 9 Mbps, while upstream bandwidth ranges from 16 to 640 kbps. ADSL transmissions work at distances up to 18,000 feet
(5,488 meters) over a single copper twisted pair. See also HDSL, SDSL, and VDSL.
ADSU
ATM DSU. Terminal adapter used to access an ATM network via an HSSI-compatible device. See also DSU.
Advanced Communications Function
See ACF.
Advanced Communications Function/Network Control Program
See ACF/NCP.
Advanced CoS Management
advanced class-of-service management. Essential for delivering the required QoS to all applications. Cisco switches contain per-VC queuing, per-VC rate scheduling, multiple CoS queuing, and egress queuing. This enables network managers to refine connections to meet specific application needs. Formerly called FairShare and OptiClass.
Advanced Data Communications Control Protocol
See ADCCP.
Advanced Intelligent Network
See AIN.
Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking
See APPN.
Advanced Program-to-Program Communication
See APPC.
Advanced Research Projects Agency
See ARPA.
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
See ARPANET.
advertising
Router process in which routing or service updates are sent at specified intervals so that other routers on the network can maintain lists of usable routes.
AEP
AppleTalk Echo Protocol. Used to test connectivity between two AppleTalk nodes. One node sends a packet to another node and receives a duplicate, or echo, of that packet.
AFI
authority and format identifier. Portion of an NSAP-format ATMaddress that identifies the type and format of the IDI portion of an ATM address. See also IDI and NSAP.
AFP
AppleTalk Filing Protocol. Presentation-layer protocol that allows users to share data files and application programs that reside on a file server. AFP supports AppleShare and Mac OS File Sharing.
agent
1. Generally, software that processes queries and returns replies on behalf of an application.
2. In NMSs, process that resides in all managed devices and reports the values of specified variables to management stations.
AIN
Advanced Intelligent Network. In SS7, an expanded set of network services made available to the user, and under user control, that requires improvement in network switch architecture, signaling capabilities, and peripherals. See also SS7.
AIO
Asynchronous input/output.
AIP
See AIP (ATM Interface Processor) in the “Cisco Systems Terms and Acronyms”section.
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ACR varies between the MCR and the PCR, and is dynamically controlled using congestion control mechanisms. See also MCR and PCR.
ACSE
association control service element. OSI convention used to establish, maintain, or terminate a connection between two applications.
active hub
Multiported device that amplifies LAN transmission signals.
active monitor
Device responsible for managing a Token Ring. A network node is selected to be the active monitor if it has the highest MAC address on the ring. The active monitor is responsible for such management tasks as ensuring that tokens are not lost, or that frames do not circulate indefinitely. See also ring monitor and standby monitor.
ActiveX
Microsoft’sWindows-specific non-Java technique for writing applets. ActiveX applets take considerably longer to download than the equivalent Java applets; however, they more fully exploit the features of Windows 95. ActiveX is sometimes said to be a superset of Java. See also applet, Java.
AD
administrative domain. Group of hosts, routers, and networks operated and managed by a single organization.
adapter
See NIC.
adaptive differential pulse code modulation
See ADPCM.
adaptive routing
See dynamic routing.
ADCCP
Advanced Data Communications Control Protocol. ANSI standard bit-oriented data link control protocol.
address
Data structure or logical convention used to identify a unique entity, such as a particular process or network device.
addressed call mode
Mode that permits control signals and commands to establish and terminate calls in V.25bis. See also V.25bis.
address mapping
Technique that allows different protocols to interoperate by translating addresses from one format to another. For example, when routing IP over X.25, the IP addresses must be mapped to the X.25 addresses so that the IP packets can be transmitted by the X.25
network. See also address resolution.
address mask
Bit combination used to describe which portion of an address refers to the network or subnet and which part refers to the host. Sometimes referred to simply as mask. See also subnet mask.
address resolution
Generally, a method for resolving differences between computer addressing schemes.
Address resolution usually specifies a method for mapping network layer (Layer 3) addresses to data link layer (Layer 2) addresses. See also address mapping.
Address Resolution Protocol
See ARP.
address translation gateway
See ATG (address translation gateway) in the “Cisco Systems Terms and Acronyms”section.
adjacency
Relationship formed between selected neighboring routers and end nodes for the purpose of exchanging routing information. Adjacency is based upon the use of a common media segment.
adjacent nodes
1. In SNA, nodes that are connected to a given node with no intervening nodes.
2. In DECnet and OSI, nodes that share a common network segment (in Ethernet, FDDI, or Token Ring networks).
ADM
Add Drop Multiplexer. In OSS, a multiplexer that allows a signal to be added into or dropped out of a SONET span. See also SONET.
ADMD
Administration Management Domain. X.400 Message Handling System public carrier.
The ADMDs in all countries worldwide together provide the X.400 backbone. See also PRMD.
administrative distance
Rating of the trustworthiness of a routing information source.
Administrative distance is often expressed as a numerical value between 0 and 255. The higher the value, the lower the trustworthiness rating.
Administrative Domain
See AD.
administrative weight
See AW and PTSP.
admission control
See traffic policing.
ADPCM
adaptive differential pulse code modulation. Process by which analog voice samples are encoded into high-quality digital signals.
ADSL
asymmetric digital subscriber line. One of four DSL technologies. ADSL is designed to deliver more bandwidth downstream (from the central office to the customer site) than upstream. Downstream rates range from 1.5 to 9 Mbps, while upstream bandwidth ranges from 16 to 640 kbps. ADSL transmissions work at distances up to 18,000 feet
(5,488 meters) over a single copper twisted pair. See also HDSL, SDSL, and VDSL.
ADSU
ATM DSU. Terminal adapter used to access an ATM network via an HSSI-compatible device. See also DSU.
Advanced Communications Function
See ACF.
Advanced Communications Function/Network Control Program
See ACF/NCP.
Advanced CoS Management
advanced class-of-service management. Essential for delivering the required QoS to all applications. Cisco switches contain per-VC queuing, per-VC rate scheduling, multiple CoS queuing, and egress queuing. This enables network managers to refine connections to meet specific application needs. Formerly called FairShare and OptiClass.
Advanced Data Communications Control Protocol
See ADCCP.
Advanced Intelligent Network
See AIN.
Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking
See APPN.
Advanced Program-to-Program Communication
See APPC.
Advanced Research Projects Agency
See ARPA.
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
See ARPANET.
advertising
Router process in which routing or service updates are sent at specified intervals so that other routers on the network can maintain lists of usable routes.
AEP
AppleTalk Echo Protocol. Used to test connectivity between two AppleTalk nodes. One node sends a packet to another node and receives a duplicate, or echo, of that packet.
AFI
authority and format identifier. Portion of an NSAP-format ATMaddress that identifies the type and format of the IDI portion of an ATM address. See also IDI and NSAP.
AFP
AppleTalk Filing Protocol. Presentation-layer protocol that allows users to share data files and application programs that reside on a file server. AFP supports AppleShare and Mac OS File Sharing.
agent
1. Generally, software that processes queries and returns replies on behalf of an application.
2. In NMSs, process that resides in all managed devices and reports the values of specified variables to management stations.
AIN
Advanced Intelligent Network. In SS7, an expanded set of network services made available to the user, and under user control, that requires improvement in network switch architecture, signaling capabilities, and peripherals. See also SS7.
AIO
Asynchronous input/output.
AIP
See AIP (ATM Interface Processor) in the “Cisco Systems Terms and Acronyms”section.
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